قواعد if لطلاب الثانويه

- The Zero Conditional :الحالة الصفرية
If + مضــــــــــــــــارع بســــــــــيط , مضـــــــــــــارع بســــــــــيط
If water boils , it changes into steam .
If metals are heated, they expand.
تستخدم الحالة الصفرية مع الحقائق العلمية و الكونية.
The first conditional :
If + مضــــــــــــــــارع بســــــــــــيط , will + المصـــــــــــــــــدر

If he comes early , I 'll meet him.
If they don't send me a letter , I'll be sad.
تستخدم الحالة الاولي للتعبير عن أحداث محتملة الوقوع في الحاضر أو المستقبل.
The second conditional :
If + ماضي بســــــــــيط , would, could, might, + المصـــــــــــــــدر
If he came early , I'd meet him.
If they didn't send me a letter , I'd be sad.
If I were you, I would help him.
If I were a doctor, I'd help him.
تستخدم الحالة الثانية للتعبير عن أحداث غير محتمل حدوثها في الحاضر أو المستقبل.
وتستخدم أيضا للتعبير عن النصيحة ، وكذلك للتعبير عن الاستحالة في الحاضرأو المستقبل.
The third conditional :
If + ماضي تام , ( would, could, might ) have + PP.
If I had seen her , I would have told her the news.
If I had had a baby , I wouldn't have left the country.
نستخدم الحالة الثالثة للتعبير عن الاستحالة ( عكس ما تم في الماضي ) و الندم.
1- بدائل بدون تغير :
As long as
Provided that
Providing + جـــــــــــــــملة = If + جــــــــــــــــملة
In case
In the event that
I will go to the party if he invites me . ---------- I will go……as long as he…
2-Unless :
Unless / Except if + جـــــــملة مثبتة دائــما = If + جــــــملة منفية
If he didn't study hard , he would fail . =
Unless he studied hard , he would fail.
ملحوظة : إذا كانت جملة If مثبتة ، نستخدم جملة unless مثبتة أيضا مع نفي الجملة الثانية لــ unless أو استخدام عكس الصفة .
If they played well, they would win .
Unless they played well, they wouldn't win.
Unless they played badly, they would win.
3- أفعال تحل محلIf :
1-Should + فاعل + to مصدر بدون …. , ……… ( الحالة الأولى و الثانية)
2- Were + فاعل + to + المصدر …… , …….. ( الحالة الثانية )
3- Had + فاعل + PP. …………… , ……… ( الحالة الثالثة )
If he saw me , I would escape. ------------ Should he see me , I would escape.
Were he to see me , I would escape.
If I had seen him, I would tell him the truth. ---------- Had I seen him, …..
4- بدائل لـ If المثبتة يأتي بعدها : (v---ing )
In case of ( في حالة )
In the event of + v---ing or noun , ……….
If he wastes his time , he will regret in the future.
In case of wasting his time , ………….
5- بدائل لــ If المنفية أو Unless يأتي بعدهم (v----ing ) :
Without
But for بدون) )
If it were not for حالة ثانية + v------ ing or noun….. , ……
If it hadn't been for حالة ثالثة
If you don't work hard , you wouldn't get high marks.
Without working hard , ………………
6- روابط أخرى :
فاعل +( should / shouldn't )+)/ المصدر otherwise / or else / or )+ جملة
If you get up late , you will miss the train .
You should get up early otherwise, you will miss the train.
You shouldn't get up late or, you…….. / Don't get up late or else, you ….


1- Perhaps he will come tomorrow. In that case, we will discuss the matter.
2- I'm not a doctor , so I can't examine you.
3- He didn't get high marks because he didn't study hard.
ثلاث خطوات لربط هذه الجمل :1- نبدأ بالجملة الثانية بعد If أي نعكس الجمل إذا وجدنا
As / since /but / when )( because/2- نستخدم الحالة الأولي إذا وجدنا في الجملة ما يدل علي الاحتمالية مثل :
perhaps , It is possible .. , must , I predict ))
و نستخدم الحالة الثانية إذا كانت الجمل مضارع أي نحولها إلي الماضي
و نستخدم الحالة الثالثة إذا كانت الجمل ماضي أي نحولها للماضي التام
3- ننفي المثبت و نثبت المنفي ماعدا الحالة الأولى تبقى كما هي .
1- If he comes tomorrow, we will discuss the matter .
2- If I were a doctor , I would examine you.
3- If he had studied hard, he would have got high marks.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

A) Choose the correct answer:
1- If I ……… rich, I'd buy a car.
a) have been b) had been c) were d)will be
2- If they had any information, they …………. Me about it.
a) would have told b) would tell c) will tell d) told
3- ……….. the election to be held today , our party would win easily.
a) were b) Had c) If d) Should
4- ………… He sent me a letter , I would have been happy .
a) Were b) Had c) Should d) If
5- ………… helping him, he would be sad.
a) If b) Without c) Incase d) Unless
6- Don't leave the TV. On ………… You aren't watching it.
a) if b) unless c) without d) in case of
7- ……….. he study hard, he will get high marks.
a) If b) Were c) Should d) Had
8- If I were a bit taller, I ……………… reach the shelf.
a) can b) could c) may d) could have
B) Rewrite the following…………..:
1- I don't have enough time to go on a holiday. ( If )
2- The eclipse wasn't total , so the sky didn't go dark. ( If )
3- I noticed the mistake when I checked the figures. ( Hadn't )
4- If he concentrates on his work, he will do better. ( Should )
5- In case of knowing the answer , she would have written it.( If )
6- If he studied hard, he could get top marks. ( Were )
7- It's possible he will enter the competition. And if he does , I'm sure he will win. ( If )
8- If he hadn't helped me , I would have drowned. ( Unless )
9- I wouldn't ride a motorbike if I didn't have a helmet on. (In case of )
10- But for her bravery , the boy would have lost his life . ( If it …. )
11- I'm not in your shoes, so I can't do the same. ( If )
12- To be a good teacher , you must be patient . ( Unless )
13- He studied astronomy at school , so he became an astronomer. ( Hadn't )
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ